orsul qalTa 5%-s infeqciuri daavadeba xvdeba. am daavadebaTa umetesoba, rogoricaa gavrcelebuli gacieba, Cveulebriv, embrionsa da nayofze ar moqmedebs. Tumca, garkveulma daavadebebma SeiZlebaintensiuri dazianeba gamoiwvios. virusebi. wiTura (3-dRiani germanuli wiTela) kargad cnobili teratogenia. 1960-iani wlebis Sua xanebSi wiTuris epidemias msoflios masStabiT 20 aTasi Crdilo- amerikeli bavSvis seriozuli defeqtiT dabadeba mohyva. senzitiuri periodis koncefciis mixedviT wiTuris zemoqmedebas gansakuTrebuli zianis motana embrionul periodSi SeuZlia. bavSvTa 50%-ze mets, romelTa dedebic orsulobis periodSi daavaddnen, aReniSnaT Tvalis kataraqta, smenis, gulis, genitaliebis, saSarde gzebisa da nawlavuri anomaliebi,

gonebrivi CamorCeniloba. Nnayofad yofnis periodSi infeqcia naklebad saSiSia, Tumca SesaZlebelia mcirewonianoba, smenis daqveiTeba da Zvlis defeqtebi gamoiwvios. prenatalur periodSi wiTuris zemoqmedebis Sedegad izrdeba zrdasrulobaSi seriozuli fsiqikuri moSlilobebis, gansakuTrebiT, Sizofreniis riski. 1996 wlidan Cvilebsa da mcirewlovan bavSvebs sistematurad ukeTeben wiTuris sawinaaRmdego acrebs. aqedan gamomdinare, prenataluri SemTxvevebi adrindelTan SedarebiT bevrad naklebia. Tumca Crdiloamerikel da dasavleTevropel qalTa 10-20%-Si wiTuris antisxeulebis naklebobis gamo SeiZleba axali epidemia gavrceldes. adamianis imunodeficituri virusi, romelsac SeiZleba Sedegad SeZenili imunodeficitis sindromi (Sidsi) mohyves, imunuri sistemis moSlas iwvevs. ukanasknel aTwleulebSi am daavadebiT Tineijer gogonaTa da qalTa mzardi raodenoba inficirdeba. dReisaTvis SeerTebul Statebsa da kanadaSi aRricxul qalTa daaxloebiT 1/4 axlad diagnostirebuli

Sidsis msxverplia. miuxedavad imisa, rom Sidsis SemTxvevebi bevrad Semcirda samrewvelo qveynebSi, ganviTarebad qveynebSi mZvinvarebs, sadac 95% axlad inficirebulia, maTgan naxevarze meti qalia. magaliTad samxreT afrikaSi, orsul qalTa 1/4 aiv-dadebiTia. SemTxvevaTa 20-30%-Si isini sasikvdilo viruss ganviTarebad organizms gadascemen. Sidsi CvilebSi swrafad progresirdeba 6 Tvis asakSi damaxasiaTebelia wonis kleba, kuWis aSliloba da sunTqvis sistemis meoreuli daavadebebi. virusi tvinis dazianebasac iwvevs. prenatalur periodSi SidsiT dainficirebis Sedegad bavSvTa umetesoba simptomebis gamoCenidan 5-8 Tve cocxlobs. antivirusuli wamali zidovudini

(zidovudini) SemTxvevaTa 95%-Si amcirebs Sids-is prenatalur gadatanas bavSvebisTvis wamliT mkurnalobis ukuSedegebis gareSe (Culnane da sxvebi, 1999). miuxedavad imisa, rom dasavleTis qveynebSi zidovudinis gamoyeneba amcirebs prenatalur periodSi SeZenili Sidsis safrTxes, is xelmiuwvdomelia msoflios Raribi regionebis mosaxleobisaTvis. ganviTarebadi organizmi gansakuTrebiT mgrZnobiarea herpes ojaxis virusebis mimarT, romlis sawinaaRmdego aranairi vaqcina da mkurnaloba

ar arsebobs. citomegalovirusi (yvelaze gavrcelebuli prenataluri infeqcia, romelic respiratoruli an sqesobrivi kontaqtiT gadadis) da herpes simpleqsi 2 (gadaitaneba sqesobrivi gziT) gansakuTrebiT saxifaToa. orive SemTxvevaSi virusis SeWra

xdeba dedis genitaliuri traqtidan. bavSvi SeiZleba dainficirdes orsulobis dros an mSobiarobisas.

baqteriuli da parazituli daavadebebi.

yvelaze gavrcelebulia toqsoplazmozi, romlis mizezi mraval cxovelSi arsebuli parazitia. fexmZime qali SesaZloa dainficirdes umi an naxevradumi xorciT, dainficirebuli katis eqskrementiT. daavadebul qalTa  daaxloebiT 40% daavadebas nayofs gadascems. Tuki inficireba pirvel trimestrSi moxdeba, SesaZloa Tvalis an Tavis tvinis dazianeba gamoiwvios. mogvianebiT infeqcia mxedvelobis dazianebas da kognituri unaris msubuq Seferxebas iwvevs. axalSobilTa 80%-s, romelTac dazianebis aSkara niSnebi ar aReniSnebaT, mogvianebiT swavlis an vizualuri aRqmis dabali unari uviTardebaT. momavali dedebi im SemTxvevaSi aicileben Tavidan toqsoplazmozs, Tu: darwmundebian, rom xorci, romelsac miirTmeven, kargad aris momzadebuli da maTi sayvareli katebi Semowmebuli arian daavadebaze, xolo maT eqskrementebze zrunvas ojaxis sxva wevrebs gadaabareben.

dediseuli sxva faqtorebi

teratogenebis garda dedis varjiSi, kveba da emociuri mdgomareoba zemoqmedebas axdens embrionsa da nayofze. garda amisa, bevr momaval dedas ainteresebs qalis asakis kavSiri orsulobis mimdinareobasTan. qvemoT swored am sakiTxebs ganvixilavT.

varjiSi janmrTeli karg fizikur mdgomareobaSi myofi orsuli qalisTvis regularuli zomieri varjiSi, rogoricaa seirnoba, curva, velosipediT siaruli Tu aerobika, axalSobilis dabadebis droindeli wonis zrdas ukavSirdeba. Tumca Zalian xSiri, energiuli varjiSi _ 30 wuTze metxans sirbili kviraSi 4-5 dRe, gansakuTrebiT orsulobis bolo periodSi - iwvevs axalSobilis mcire wonas. janmrTelobis iseTi problemebis mqone orsulma qalma, rogoricaa sisxlis mimoqcevis darRvevebi an muclis moSla, regularuli varjiSis dawyebis an gagrZelebis Taobaze eqimis konsultacia unda miiRos. bolo trimestrSi, rodesac muceli izrdeba, dedebma, umetes SemTxvevaSi, uari unda Tqvan varjiSze. xSirad dedam, romelic pirvel TveebSi arafers uCioda, SesaZloa iseTi mcire fizikuri diskomforti igrZnos, rogoricaa zurgis tkivili, muclidan gulmkerdze miwola da sunTqvis gaZneleba.

kveba prenataluri periodis ganmavlobaSi, rodesac bavSvebi sxva periodTan SedarebiT ufro Cqara izrdebian, isini mTlianad dedis kvebaze arian damokidebulni. janmrTeli dieta, ris Sedegadac dedis wona 25-30 futiT (10-13,5kg) izrdeba, deda-Svilis

janmrTelobis garantiaa. prenatalur periodSi arasrulfasovani kvebis Sedegebi. meore msoflio omis dros niderlandebSi mZlavrma SimSilobam mecnierebs prenatalur ganviTarebaze kvebis zemoqmedebis Seswavlis iSviaTi SesaZlebloba misca. gamokvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom senzitiul periodSi kveba teradogenebis msgavsad moqmedebs. qalebs, romlebic pirveli trimestris ganmavlobaSi SimSilobas ganicdidnen, muclis moSlisa da bavSvis fizikuri defeqtebiT dabadebis meti safrTxe hqondaT. pirveli trimestris Semdeg nayofTa umetesoba gadarCa, magram bevri mcire wonisa da patara TaviT daibada. axla ukve viciT, rom prenatalur periodSi arasrulfasovanma kvebam SeiZleba seriozuli ziani miayenos centralur nervul sistemas. rac ufro mwiria dedis sakvebi, miT met wonas kargavs Tavis tvini, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca deda cudad ikvebeba bolo trimestris ganmavlobaSi. am periodSi axalSobilis Tavis tvini swrafad matulobs zomaSi; srulyofili zomis misaRwevad, deda yvela aucilebeli nivTierebiT mdidar sakvebs unda iRebdes. orsulobis periodSi araadekvaturma kvebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios iseTi organoebis struqturuli cvlilebebi, rogoricaa RviZli, Tirkmlebi, pankreasi (kuWqveSa jirkvali) da Semdeg mTeli cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi janmrTelobis problemebi Seqmnas. radgan arasrulfasovani kveba imunuri sistemis ganviTarebas aferxebs, prenatalur periodSi mwiri kvebis pirobebSi myofi bavSvebi advilad avaddebian respiratoruli daavadebebiT. amasTan, isini advilad Riziandebian da stimulze ar reagireben. siRaribiT daTrgunul ojaxebSi amas stresuli ojaxuri cxovrebac erTvis. asakTan erTad inteleqtis testis dabali qulebi da swavlis sirTuleebi ufro TvalsaCino xdeba.

emociuri stresi---orsulobis dros dedis mier gadatanili Zlieri, emociuri stresi CvilebSi mravalgvar garTulebas iwvevs. intensiuri SfoTva ukavSirdeba muclis moSlis maRal maCvenebels, dRenaklulobas, mcirewonianobas, aseve CvilTa

respiratorul daavadebebsa da saWmlis monelebis darRvevebs, prenataluri zrdis Senelebasa da garkveul fizikur defeqtebs, rogoricaa gayofili (`kurdRlis”) tuCi, `mglis” sasa, gulis defeqtebi da pilorostenozi (Cvili bavSvis kuWis gamosasvlelis daWimuloba, romelsac qirurgiuli Careva sWirdeba). kvlevebiT isic dadginda, rom prenatalur periodSi dedis mier gadatanili stresi 3 wlamde bavSvis gaRizianebadobis, susti motoruli da gonebrivi ganviTarebisa da adreul bavSvobaSi emociuri da qceviTi sirTuleebis winapirobaa;  SiSisa da SfoTvisas, mastimulirebeli hormonebi sisxlis nakadSi gadadis, rac ganapirobebs Cvens ”nebisyofas moqmedebisaTvis”. sisxlis didi nakadi sxeulis im nawilebSi igzavneba, romlebic TavdacvisaTvis emzadeba _ tvinSi, gulSi, kunTebSi, mklavebSi, fexebsa da xerxemalSi. sisxlis nakadi sxva organoebSi saSvilosnos CaTvliT, Sesustebulia. Sedegad nayofs Jangbadi da sakvebi akldeba. stresis hormonebi placentaSic gadadis da nayofis guliscemisa da aqtivobis donis mkveTr zrdas iwvevs. maT nayofis nevrologiuri funqcionirebis Secvlac SeuZliaT, ris Sedegadac mogvianebiT cxovrebaSi stresuli reaqcia maRldeba. da bolos, orsuls, romelic xangrZliv SfoTvas ganicdis, ezrdeba infeqciuri daavadebebis riskis albaToba (dasustebuli imunuri sistemis gamo), aseve mowevis, smis, arasrulfasovani kvebisa da sxva mavne Cvevebis gamo. stresTan dakavSirebuli prenataluri garTulebebi mniSvnelovnad mcirdeba, Tu orsuls qmari, ojaxis sxva wevrebi da megobrebi hyavs, romlebic exmarebian. kavSiri socialur daxmarebasa da janmrTel orsulobas Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania mcire Semosavlis mqone qalebisTvis, romlebsac xSirad atydebaT Tavs stresuli garemoebebi. dedis asaki da wina mSobiarobebi---gasuli saukunis bolo meoTxedSi 30 wlis asakSi qalebis pirveli mSobiaroba gasammagda, xolo 40 wlisebSi_ gaormagda. bevri wyvili bavSvis gaCenas im dromde gadadebs xolme, sanam samsaxurebriv karieraSi garkveul safexurs ar miaRwevs da ar ecodinebaT, rom Svilis materialur uzrunvelyofas SeZleben. qals, romelic bavSvis gaCenas agvianebs, asakTan erTad unayofobis, muclis moSlisa da bavSvis qromosomuli defeqtebiT dabadebis riski ezrdeba. arsebobs Tu ara asakovani qalebisaTvis orsulobisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sxva garTulebebic? wlebis ganmavlobaSi mecnierebi am kiTxvas dadebiTad pasuxobdnen, Tumca 30-40 wlis janmrTel qalebs prenataluri da mSobiarobis garTulebebis daaxloebiT igive maCveneblebi aqvT, rac 20 wlisebs. garTulebaTa maCveneblebi mkveTrad izrdeba 50-55 wlis asakSi (roca menopauzisa da reproduqciul organoTa asakis gamo cota qals Tu SeuZlia bunebrivi gziT dafexmZimeba). SeiZleba Tu ara fizikurma moumwifeblobam Tineijer dedebs prenataluri problemebi Seuqmnas? gamokvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT, Tineijeris sxeulis zoma da siZliere fexmZimobas uzrunvelyofs. buneba gvarwmunebs, rom Tu gogona dafexmZimebas SeZlebs, bavSvis tarebisa da gaCenisTvisac mzad aris. TineijerTa Svilebi mravalnairi problemebiT ibadebian, magram ara dedis asakis gamo. orsul TineijerTa umetesoba mcireSemosavliani ojaxidanaa, sadac stresi, arasrulfasovani kveba da janmrTelobis problemebi bunebrivia. aseve bevrs eSinia, rom samedicinodaxmarebis miRebas ver moaxerxebs an, magaliTad, SeerTebul StatebSi amgvar daxmarebas ver miiRebs janmrTelobis dazRvevis arqonis gamo.                                                                                                

წყარო: ბავშვის განვითარება-ლორა ბერკი